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Diving Time Line

Preindustrial

Several centuries before Christ: (reliefs made in this time show Assyrian soldiers crossing rivers bloated goat floats. Several modern writers have inaccurately held that the tanks were breathing together and they show gross frogmen in action.)

Former Romans and Greeks, etc: There have been many instances of men swimming or diving for combat, but have always had to hold their breath, and had no diving equipment, except Sometimes a hollow plant stem used as a snorkel. See here (in Portuguese).

Around 500 BC C.: (information originally from Herodotus): During a naval campaign the Greek Scylla was aboard the ship as prisoner by the I. When the Persian king Xerxes Scylla learned that Xerxes was to attack a Greek fleet, took a knife and jumped overboard. The Persians did not find it in the water and presumed he had drowned. Scylla surface at night and made his way through all the fleet ships of Xerxes, cutting each ship loose from its moorings, which used a hollow reed as snorkel to go unnoticed. Then he swam nine miles (15 km) to join the Greeks in the Cape Artemis.

The use of diving bells is recorded by the Greek philosopher Aristotle in the Fourth Century BC: "... They allow divers to breathe and dropping a pot, why not fill with water, but hold air, and he is forced down into the water. "

1300 or earlier: Persian divers used diving goggles with windows in the outer layer polishing.

Century 15: Leonardo da Vinci is known First mention of air tanks in Italy: he wrote in his Codex Atlantic (Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Milan) that systems have been used at that time to artificially breathe under water, but did not explain in detail because of what he described as "bad human nature", which took advantage of this technique for melting ships and even commit murder. Some designs, however, showed different types of tubas and an air tank (which will be in the chest) you probably should not have external connections. Other drawings show a complete immersion kit, with a costume that includes a mask with a piston air box. The project was so detailed that it includes a urine collector, too.

1 531: Guglielmo dives Lorena in two of the galleys of Caligula hole with a diving bell from a design by Leonardo da Vinci.

1616: Franz Kessler built a diving bell improved.

About 1620: Cornelius Drebbel rebreather may have made an oil: see Story # of rebreathers rebreather.

1650: Otto von Guericke built the first air pump.

1772: Sieur Freminet tried to build a device under the water barrel, but died from lack of oxygen after 20 minutes, he merely recycled the exhaled air untreated.

1776 David Bushnell invented the Turtle, the first submarine to attack another ship. It has been used in the Revolution American.

19th century

1800: Robert Fulton builds a submarine, the Nautilus "

Diving helmets appear

1808: Brize Fradin hull designed small bell attached to a reservoir at low air pressure back.

1820: Paul Lemaire Augerville (a Parisian dentist) invented and made a helmet with a backpack copper cylinder, and a lung-cons to keep the air, and an inflatable life vest attached. It was used to 15 or 20 meters for an hour in the recovery work. He started a successful salvage company.

William H. 1825 James has developed a self contained diving suit that had air compressed in an iron container around the waist.

Beaudouin 1827 in France developed a scuba cylinder powered by compressed air from 80-100 bars. The French navy is concerned, but nothing came of this.

, 1829: Charles Anthony Deane and John Deane of Whitstable in Kent, in England the first design Diving helmet air pumped for use with a wetsuit. It is said that the idea came from a team of emergency water drilling oil in place a firefighter pump (used as an air pump) and a knight in armor helmet used to try to rescue horses from a stable fire. Others say it was based on earlier work in 1823 development of a helmet with smoke. "However, the prosecution has not been attached to the helmet, so that the diver could not bend or invest without risk of flooding helmet and drowning. However, the diving system is used in the rescue effort, including the successful removal of the gun British warship HMS Royal George in 1834-35. This 108-gun ship battles sank in 65 feet of water at Spithead anchorage in 1783.

EKGauzen 1829, a Russian naval base of Kronstadt naval (a neighborhood St. Petersburg) machine offers a "dive." His invention has an air pumped metallic helmet connected to a leather suit (one general). The bottom of the hull is open. The helmet is attached to the demand for leather with a steel tape. Gauzens suit and its subsequent amendments have been used by the Russian Navy until 1880. Changing clothes neoprene of the Russian Navy, based on the invention Gauzens, was known as "the team of three bolts.

1837: After studying Leonardo da Vinci, and of Halley the astronomer, Augustus Siebe develops diving, a type of surface supplied diving equipment.

Deane 1837 by the brothers with a broken view, Augustus Siebe Siebe develops the "closed" a suit of diving and the suit, considered the foundation of modern diving. There was a significant development of previous models "Open" dress that did not allow a diver to reverse. (Siebe Gorman, then the manufacture of helmets continuously until 1975).

The first diving regulator

1838: Dr. Manuel Guillaumet regulator invented a double pipe demand. It has been demonstrated in the application area used. duration the use has been limited to 30 minutes by immersion in cold water without a wetsuit.

1839 Canadian Inventors and Alexander Eliot James McAvity of Saint John, New Brunswick patent an oxygen tank "for divers," a device used by the diver is back with "a certain amount of concentrated oxygen or union of atmospheric air proportional to the depth of water and proper when it is intended to remain below.

WHThornthwaite 1839 Hoxton, London patented a pneumatic lift jacket for divers.

Around 1842: The Frenchman Joseph Cabirol begins to demand.

1843: On the basis of lessons learned from the recovery Royal George, the first diving school was established in the Royal Navy.

1849 Saint-Simon-Sicard (Chemical) is the first demonstration specific oxygen rebreather. It has been shown in London in 1854.

1856: Wilhelm Bauer starts the first of 133 successful dives with his second submarine seeteufel. The crew of 12 was formed out of the ship submerged in a diving room.

1860: Giovanni Luppis, a retired Navy engineer and Austro-Hungarian reflects a conception of a self-propelled torpedo Emperor Franz Joseph.

1863: HL Hunley becomes the first submarine to sink a ship, the USS Housatonic, during the Civil War.

Diving set by Rouquayrol Denayrouze with tank and air rescue in the form of roll in the back of the diver

1865: Benedict Auguste Denayrouze Rouquayrol and design a set of diving with a spherical air reservoir bag supplied with air through the application of known regulatory first. The diver still walked on the bottom and not swimming. This set is called arophore (Greek for "carrier"). However, the tanks Pressurized air is the technology of the time could hold 30 atmospheres, and the diver was on the surface should be provided and the tank was rescue. Periods 6 to 8 hours on a full tank without external supply recorded for Rouquayrol put in the book "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea by Jules Verne, is a fiction greatly exaggerated. Judging from the failed attempts of Jules Verne in the book to describe how the game Rouquayrol worked, how the demand regulator was not known or forgotten when wrote the book, published in 1870. Jules Verne But aware of the tendency of some divers, when the rain-coated, remain under water to keep rain.

1866: Minenschiff, the first car (locomotive) torpedo, developed by Robert Whitehead (to a design by Captain Luppis, Marina Austria) can be show that the Commission of the Imperial Navy of 21 December.

Gas cylinders and the air seems

Late 19th century: the industry is beginning to be able to take the air at high pressure cylinders of gas. This has caused a few inventors in recent years the design of open-circuit compressed air breathing sets, but all were at a constant rate, and the regulator's request does not return until 1939.

1876: An English merchant seaman, Henry Fleuss, developed the first dive platform independent viable uses compressed oxygen. This prototype uses the string closed-circuit diving soaked in caustic potash to absorb dioxide carbon gas may be re-breathing expired.

1893: Bhutan Louis invented the first underwater camera.

Decompression sickness becomes a problem

1841: The first documented case of decompression sickness occurs, reported by a mining engineer who observed pain and cramps muscle among coal miners working in mine shafts of air under pressure to prevent water.

1870: Bauer publishes the results of workers 25 caissons paralyzed.

From 1870-1910 all the symptoms and major causes are established: an explanation at the time included: cold exhaustion or congestion causing damage to the spinal cord reflex, electricity caused by friction in the compression, or the organs and vascular stasis caused by decompression.

1871: The Bridge of San Luis Eads employs 352 workers in the compressed air that Dr. Alfonso Jaminet the doctor responsible. There were 30 serious injuries and 12 deaths. Mr. Jaminet sank case of decompression sickness when he rose to the surface in four minutes after spending nearly three hours to a depth 95 feet in a box, and his description of his own experience has been the first recorded.

1872: The similarity between the decompression sickness and air embolism iatrogenic and the relationship between inadequate decompression and decompression sickness is to be noted Friedburg. He suggested that the gas was released by decompression Intravascular quick and the following recommendations: limit compression and decompression shifts of four hours slow; maximum depth of 44.1 psig (4 ATA) using only healthy workers and recompression treatment of severe cases.

1873: Dr. Andrew Smith, the disease is first used drawer term describes 110 cases of decompression sickness as the physician responsible for the construction of the Brooklyn Bridge. The project employs 600 workers compressed air. recompression treatment not used. The project chief engineer Washington Roebling suffered decompression sickness. (He took over his father John Augustus Roebling died of tetanus.) Male Washington, Emily, helped manage construction of the bridge after his sickness confined to her home in Brooklyn. He fought against the effects of the disease by rest of his life. During this project on decompression sickness, known as "The Bends [Greek]" the people affected, because their backs bent feature that is perhaps reminiscent of a maneuver, then the women dance fashion curve is known as the Greek.

1878: Paul Bert publishes barometric pressure, providing the first systematic understanding of the causes of the DCS.

20th century

1900: John P. Holland built first submarine to be formally commissioned by the United States Navy, the Netherlands (also known as A-1).

1900 # # Leonard Hill used a frog to demonstrate that decompression causes bubbles and that recompression resolve them.

1903: Siebe Gorman submarine begins to beat England in the years after being improved, and later called Davis Davis or submerged Escape Game Escape devices.

1905 Various sources, including the United States in 1991 Diving Manual of the Navy (p. 1-8) state that the Mk V Diving dress designed by the Bureau of Construction and repair in 1905, but in fact, in 1905 the British army Siebe Gorman Helmet displays Manual in use. From the first MK V knowledge is dated 1916, these sources are probably referring to MK I, MK II, MK III and MK IV and helmets Morse Schrader.

1905: The first measurement recycler with valves to control the supply of oxygen is made.

1907: Draeger is a recycler Lübecker called U-Boot-Retter. = "Lifeguard submarine.

1908: # # Arthur Boycott, Damant Guybon, John Haldane and published "The air Disease Prevention compressed, detailed studies on the causes and symptoms of decompression sickness, and propose a set of bearings decompression to avoid the effects.

1908: # # The Committee adopts Admiralty Haldane deep dive tables of the Royal Navy, Haldane published diving tables for the general public.

1912 # # United States adopts the Navy decompression tables, published by Haldane, Boycott and Damant. Driven by Chief Gunner George Stillson, the Navy launched a program to test decompression tables based on the work of Haldane.

1913 The Navy is also developing the future begins MK V, Schrader influenced by Morse, drawings and models.

1915 The submarine USS F-4 is recovered 304 meters to establish the practical limits of air diving. Three Navy divers United States, Frank W. Crilley, William F. Loughman, and Nielson, reached 304 women with MP V Dress

1916 with addition of a cell phone, the design of the Mk V is completed, However, several design improvements were made in the coming two years.

1916: The Draeger model DM 2 becomes the standard equipment of the German navy.

1917 The Bureau of Construction & Repair introduced the MK V helmet and dress, which becomes the standard for U.S. Navy diving until the introduction the MK 12 in the sixties

1918: Ohgushi (who is Japanese) Patent Ohgushi Peerless breathing. It was a steady stream of industrial diving and respiration open-circuit set. breathed by the user's nose and air power in and out with his teeth.

1920: Hanseatisches Apparatebau-Gesellschaft to a respirator demand for two-cylinder two-valve lever in one step of the breathing tube and wavy with tip and a duckbill "of" vent on the driver. It has been described in a manual of mine rescue in 1930. They were the successors of Ludwig von Bremen Kiel, who had helped make the drive-Denayrouze Rouquayrol Germany.

1924 Yves Le Prieur invented a separate manual breathing underwater. Constant pressure made the air without a regulator of the application. First experimented with it in 1926.

1926: Draeger Rescue demonstrated a respirator user could swim. While previous devices, which rose to the surface and were also designed to develop lifted so that the user has come to the surface without swimming movements, diving set had weights, which also allowed to dive with him, and seek after an accident.

1937: U.S. Navy publishes its revised tables dive on the basis of the work of OD Yarbrough.

began swimming under water

1930:

In France, Guy Gilpatric began swimming dive waterproof goggles, swimming goggles (which were originally intended to keep salt water on the surface of the eye).

Sport spearfishing became common in the Mediterranean, and gradually developed spearfishing sport common diving mask and fins and snorkel, with most of Georges Beuchat in Marseille, France, who created the gun and the first wetsuit and spearfishing Italian sport has begun to use respirators in oxygen. This practice has attracted the attention of the Italian Navy, which developed its frogman unit Flottiglia Decima MAS using oxygen and respirators equipped with torpedoes, to play an important role in the Second World War.

1933

In France, Louis the patent Swimfins Corlieu first swimming.

In San Diego, California, the first sport club diving runs, called the Bottom Scratchers. In so far as is known, did joint use of the breath, its main goal was the game.

More is known Yves Le Prieur breathing steady stream of open-circuit set. This is said could allow a stay of 20 minutes to 7 meters and 15 meters 15 minutes. It has a cylinder power in a circular mask. Its air cylinder was often at an angle to get its on / off of the reach of divers, which would have led to a path through the awkward swimming.

1934

In France, the implementation of Beuchat, diving and spearfishing oldest society in the world,

In France, a diving club is launched, called Club Sub-l'Eau. Do not use breathing sets as far as is known. Its main objective was to hunt.

William Beebe and Otis Barton dive to 3028 meters with a bathysphere.

1935: The French Navy adopts the Prior breathing together.

French Riviera in 1936, the club first known scuba diving sport began. He uses a device Le Prieur breathing.

1937: The U.S. Diving and rescue teams of the company (now known as DESCO) develops a kind of bottom-heavy mix up diving with a self-helium and oxygen mixed gas rebreather.

1937: # # From the U.S. Navy diving tables published revised on the basis of the work OD Yarbrough.

1939: Hans Hass developed from evasion to define a type of recycling with his bag on his back and two breathing tubes, but no box backpack. These games look very much in his films and books.

1954: Underwater Hockey (submarine) was invented by four marine divers South Seas, which bored swimming up and down and I wanted a fun way to keep fit.

The diving regulator reappears

1937 Georges developed Commeinhes a device with two cylinders in open circuit, with control of the application. The regulator was a big rectangular box between the cylinders. Some have been made, but the development World War II interrupted.

World War II

1939: George Commeinhes his breathing began to offer the French Navy, not could follow the development of uses for it because of the Second World War.

July 1943: Commeinhes reached 53 meters (about 174 feet) with breathing set off the coast of Marseille.

1944: Commeinhes died for the liberation Strasbourg in Alsace. His invention was submerged by Cousteau's invention.

J. Christian U.S. Lambertsen have designed a submarine "self-contained breathing oxygen for the U.S. military. It was a recycling center. It was the first aircraft to be known as diving.

Countries use different swimmers equipped recyclers for some of the best known and most spectacular acts of war: see human torpedoes.

Hans Hass said later that during World War II German Drger diving equipment company offered him an open circuit scuba, together with a demand regulator. It may have been a separate invention, or may have been copied from a captured all Commeinhes standards.

1943 Jacques-Yves Cousteau and Emile Gagnan invent and make an open-circuit diving breathing set, with the controller of the application, that modification of a regulatory application uses Gagnan for a gasoline engine cars run with a big bag of coal and gas transported on the roofs during Wartime shortages of gasoline. Cousteau had their first dives with it. He made two more scuba gear: there are three, one for each Cousteau and his companions first dive and Trim Federico Dumas. His aqualung kept secret until the south of France was liberated. Breathing That game was later called "Aqua-Lung. This word is actually a brand name attached to the patent Cousteau-Gagnan, but in Britain, is commonly used as a generic and type "Aqualung" at least since the 1950s, including publications BSAC of manuals and training and described diving as "aqualunging.

In early 1944 the U.S. government to try to prevent men who drowned in army tanks then asked Mine Safety Appliances Company (MSA) for a small rescue breathing right together. MSA provided a breath of open circuit, along with a small (5-7 liters) air cylinder, a regulator of the application with a circular two design as Cousteau lever (connected the cylinder by a nut and nipple cone connection), and a breathing tube connected all the corrugated nozzle. The package was declared on the basis of facts of off-the-shelf "items, indicating that it was only MSA control before conception, so the driver seems the result of development and not a prototype, could have been born around 1943. In an example given in 2003 as a Sherman tank submerged in the bay of Naples, the cylinder was bound with tape and attached to a lifejacket. These sets have been too late for D-Day landings in June 1944 but were used during the invasion of southern France and the South Pacific War.

1944: In October, Federico Dumas reached 62 meters (200 feet) with an Aqualung Cousteau.

1945: Aqualung Cousteau first destroyed by an artillery shell in a frowned Allied landings on the Riviera, he did both. Subsequently, snorkeling and had only gathered more men and taught them to Aqualung dive. In Toulon began a mine official and the unit-center of the track. Later this unit was made official. One of the men he trained Broussard, who founded the first post-war Diving Club, Club Alpino Sous-Marin.

Postwar

The first public hearing on frogmen.

The submarine known scuba diving club First in Britain, "The Club of amphibians, is formed in Aberdeen by Ivor Howitt (which vary from one gas mask, old calendar) and some friends. Asked Underwater Dive "fathomeering" to distinguish it from jumping overboard.

1946

apnea type Cousteau will be on sale in France.

Yves Le Prieur invented a new version of its breathing system. His face mask was loose in the front seat and acted as a very large and, consequently, the diaphragm is very sensitive to the demand regulator: see diving regulator valve demand #.

The Cave Diving Group (CDG) is formed Britain.

1948: Auguste Piccard sends the first submersible FNRS-2, unmanned dives.

Siebe Gorman and / or putting Heinke Cousteau dives kind in England. Captain Trevor Hampton had a dive with one. Siebe Gorman and the Royal Navy should be used for apnea weighted boots bottom-up dive light trade: see Aqua-lung # "Tadpoles."

Ted Eldred in Australia started designing the first dive of an open circuit single hose all known: see Porpoise (make of scuba gear).

Georges Beuchat created in France the surface first mark.

1948 or 1949: René Sporting shop's merchandise imports from France apnea California. Hollywood looks and turns.

1949: Otis Barton made a dive record of 4,500 feet Benthoscope.

1950 Cousteau apnea model goes on sale (but very expensive) Manufacturers and civilians in Britain. Siebe Gorman made in Chessington.

A handbook of the British Navy Diving printed shortly after said that scuba is used to walking on the bottom with a wet suit weighted and heavy boots, and no mention of Cousteau.

Cousteau report said only 10 games Aqualung was sent to the U.S. because the market was not saturated.

The house originally called Tarzan the camera has been published by George Beuchat,

1951: The film "frogmen" is published. It is Pacific Ocean in World War II. In his last 20 minutes, shows the U.S. frogmen using bulky scuba gear 3-cylinder on a mission combat. This use is outmoded equipment (in fact, have used the recyclers), but it shows that the spacesuits I was available (even if unknown) in the United States in 1951.

1951: The U.S. Navy began to develop combinations but does not know that the general public. .

1951: In December the first edition of Skin Diver magazine (USA) appears. The magazine lasted until November 2002.

Cousteau apnea type is sold in Canada.

1952: Cousteau type apnea will go on sale in the United States.

Ted Eldred in Australia starts to auction Porpoise (make of scuba gear). This was the first submarine unit available in the market was unique and flexible the precursor of most sports diving equipment produced today.

Public interest in scuba diving is of

1953: The National Geographic Society magazine published an article on archeology Cousteau Grand Island Congloué near Marseille, and French speaking countries opened a film called Diving (wreck) is out. This started a massive demand the public and scuba diving, and France and America the diving gear makers started making as fast as they could. But in Britain Siebe Gorman and Heinke kept apnea costly, and restrictions on the export of currency stopped people from their importation. Many British divers used home respiratory rate together and former military or former industrial recyclers. In the early 1950s, the Siebe Gorman diving regulators made for the cost of 15, which was a week of average earnings.

After providing drysuits frogman suits lost the war surplus freestyle diving are not easily accessible to the general public, and divers due to the many underwater diving with bare skin, but bathing suits. Therefore diving used often to be called skindiving. Others have fallen into the house dry suits, or thick layers of clothes.

After delivery of the war frogman dried fins from a surplus of long fins were not available of the public, and some have had to resort to such things as hitting Plimsol marine layers.

Captain Trevor Hampton founded the British Underwater Centre Dartmouth in Devon, England.

Rene's Sporting Goods Shop (now owned Spirotechnique) becomes Divers United States, now a leading manufacturer diving equipment.

Georges Beuchat Marseille, France invented and wetsuit outlet first.

October 15, 1953: The BSAC was founded.

1954: USS Nautilus, the first nuclear powered submarine, is launched.

The first flight occurring in the submersible dives FNRS-2.

First year U.S. diving certification is offered by the County of Los Angeles Department of Parks and Recreation. A program created by Albert Tillman and Bev Morgan is now known as County of Diving.

1 954 USA, advertising MSA (in the journal Popular Mechanics) diving one fifty-nine diving cylinders similar to open circuit, which is defined using the MSA controller.

1955: In Britain, "Practical Mechanics" magazine published an article "Making a Aqualung.

1955: Louis Malle, a young animator 23 years, and Jacques-Yves Cousteau film The Silent World, a leading film director of photography submarine to be used to show the depths of the ocean color.

1956: Combinations are made accessible to the public.

1956: # # U.S. Navy publishes tables that allow dives.

At that time, some British divers diving house begin to apply regulatory and industrial parts, including Calor gas regulators. (Since then, regulators have been redesigned heat, and this conversion is impossible.)

Later Underwater Products Ltd Hexham, Northumberland, England designed around the sport of breath-Gagnan Cousteau patent and provides accessible sinks cheap. This forced Siebe Gorman and Heinke the prices down and started to sell to commercial diving sport. (Siebe Gorman gave its brand dry suit 'diver. ") Because of this increased availability of diving equipment, the policy towards rebreathers became merely a BSAC "Here Be Dragons: keep out!" And so it remained for long. In U.S., some oxygen diving clubs developed over the years. Finally, the Cousteau-Gagnan patent expired and any company can legally copy.

1 956: The world of silence greets the academy award for best documentary, and the Palme d'Or at Cannes.

1957: The television series Sea Hunt began. Enter scuba diving in the television audience. It operated until 1961.

1958: u $ s Nautilus completed the first voyage under the polar ice at the North Pole and back.

1958: The CMAS (World Underwater Federation) is founded in Brussels.

1959: NAUI was founded by Albert Tillman and Neal Hess.

1960: Jacques Piccard and Lieutenant Don Walsh, USN, descend to the bottom of the Challenger Deep, most point known in the ocean (about 10900m or 35 802 feet = 6.78 miles) in the submersible Trieste: andthis see on this link

USS Triton completed the first circumnavigation of the underwater world.

In Italy, recyclers oxygen diving continues to be made in the 1960s.

1964: In France, Georges Beuchat JetFinance create first broken wing.

1965: # # Robert D. Employee the U.S. Navy Experimental Diving Unit (Nedu) published an equation for the calculation of decompression requirements for your application on a computer diving, rather than a pre-calculated table.

The film version of James Bond in Thunderball (with two types of diving open circuit) is placed released and contributes to the popular dive.

1966: PADI begins.

1968: First known rebreather with electronic parts is made: the Electrolung.

1971: Scubapro introduces the Stabilization Jacket, now in England commonly called sheath knives, and buoyancy control (or compensation) Device (BC or BCD).

1972: Scubapro introduces the decompression meter (the first dive computer to analog).

# 1976 # The Professor Albert A. Bhlmann published his work in expanding the equations to adjust to the altitude and diving complex mixtures of gases.

1983: The Edge Orca (the first electronic dive computer) is inserted.

1985: The sinking of RMS Titanic found. Air India Flight 182, a Boeing 747, is no possibility recovery and Cork, Ireland during the First depth of water scale (6,200 feet) of air accident investigation.

1989: The Abyss (including one that does not have liquid water deep breathing together fiction) contributes to the popular diving.

The Communist bloc fell and the Cold War ends (See the fall of communism and the collapse of the Soviet Union), and with it the risk of future attacks bloc forces, including combat divers. After Thus, the armed forces of the world have less reason to recycler patent application by civilians, and auto recyclers diving and the mixture of semi-automatic begins to appear. recycler View Item "link below.

1995: BSAC allows the formation of Nitrox and Nitrox diving introduced.

1996: Press PADI Enriched Air Diver.

1997: The Titanic allows underwater trips onboard MIR submersible vehicles popular.

August 1998: Dives RMS Titanic occur with remote operation of vehicles controlled area (Magellan 725). First video broadcast live from the White Star liner sank done.

July 1999: The Liberty Bell 7 Mercury spacecraft rose from 16 043 feet (4891 meters) of water in the Atlantic Ocean during the deepest commercial research and recovery to date.

December 2001: BSAC allows recycling to be used in BSAC dives.

Notes

Entries marked ^ # # Are they the decompression tables.

^ Arthur J. Bachrach, "History of the diving bell", Historical Diving Times, Iss. 21 (Spring 1998)

^ abcdefgh Acotto, C. (1999). "A brief history of diving and decompression sickness .. Underwater Medicine Society journal Pacific South 29 (2). ISSN 0813-1988. OCLC 16986801. http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/6004. Retrieved on 17/03/2009.

ABCDE ^ Historical Diving Society Journal number 45, page 37

^ Edmonds, Carl; Lowry C, Pennefather, John. History of Diving.. South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society Journal of 5 (2). http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/5894. Retrieved on 17/03/2009.

^ Mario Theriault, Great Inventions Navy 1833-1950, Goose Lane, 2001, p. 46

Ab ^ quick, D. (1970). "A team history of closed-circuit oxygen breathing underwater. Royal Australian Navy School of Underwater Medicine. RANSUM, 1-70. http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/4960. Retrieved on 16/03/2009.

WP ^ AB Butler (2004). "Caisson disease during the construction EADS and Brooklyn Bridges: A Review. "Deputy Hyperb Med 31 (4): 44 559. PMID 15,686,275. http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/4028. Retrieved on 19/06/2008.

^ Bert P. (Originally published in 1878). "The pressure barometers: research in experimental physiology. Translated by: Alfred Hitchcock and FA MA Hitchcock. College Book Company, 1943.

^ Boycott, AE, JS Damant GCC, Haldane. (1908). "Prevention of compressed air illness." J. Hygiene 8: 342 443. http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/7489. Retrieved 8/6/2008.

^ Abcde Carter Jr., RC (1977). Space pioneer in the interior: the Navy Experimental Diving Unit first 50 years. "United States Naval Experimental Diving Unit Technical Report, Nedu 1-77. Http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/4799. Retrieved 21/04/2008.

^ Historical Diving Society magazine number 45, page 43

^ Vann RD (2004). "Lambertsen and O2: operating principles physiological. "Deputy Hyperb Med 31 (1): 2131. PMID 15233157. http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/3987. Retrieved on 16/03/2009.

^ Butler FK (2004). 'Diving closed circuit oxygen in the United States Navy. Deputy Hyperb Med 31 (1) 320. PMID 15233156. Http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/3986. Accessed on 16/03/2009.

AB ^ Historical Diving Times, issue # 44 (Summer 2008), pages 5-12

^ Fulton, HV, W. Welham, JV Dwyer, Dobbins, RF (1952). "Preliminary Report on Protection Against Cold Water." U.S. Naval Experimental Diving Unit Technical Report, Nedu 5-52. Http: / / archive.rubicon-foundation.org/3387. Retrieved 21/04/2008.

^ Valentine, R. BSAC: The Club 1953-2003. BSAC. ISBN 9780953891955.

Abc ^ BSAC. "Section 1.1 A brief history of the British Sub-Aqua Club. BSAC. http://www.bsac.org/page/52/11-brief-history-of-bsac.htm. Retrieved on 05/09/2008.

^ "Los Angeles County Scuba" (En es-ES). LACountyScuba.com. http://www.lacountyscuba.com/. Retrieved on 16/07/2009.

Worker ^, DR (1965). "Calculation of decompression schedules for nitrogen and oxygen and helium-oxygen dives. "U.S. Naval Diving Unit Technical Report Nedu experimental 6-65. Http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/3367. Retrieved on 21/04/2008.

Bni ^ MR Schibli, P. Nussberger, Albert A. Bhlmann (1976.) "Diving in the air pressure decreases: the decompression tables of air at different altitudes. Marine Biomedical Research, 3 (3): 189 204. ISSN 0093-5387. OCLC 2068005. PMID 969 023. http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/2750. Retrieved only on 16/03/2009.

^ Allen, C (1996). "BSAC gives the OK to nitrox. Taken from Diver 1995, 40 (May), May: 35-36 .. Underwater Medicine Society of the Pacific Southern Journal 26 (4). ISSN 0813-1.988. OCLC 16986801. Http: / / archive.rubicon-foundation.org/6275. This Accessed 05/09/2008.

^ Richardson, D and Shreeve, K (1996). "The PADI Enriched Air Diver and DSAT oxygen exposure limits .. Pacific Underwater Medicine Society Journal 26 South (3). ISSN 0813-1988. OCLC 16986801. http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/6310. Retrieved on 05/09/2008.

References

Mark Lonsdale, The evolution of diving in the Navy U.S..

Other objectives history of diving (external link)

There are other timelines to address the history of diving:

Diving Lore Aqualung its origins to progress.

Recycling history

hem.passagen.se

marinebio.org

BSAC information

Diving Rebreather History

Museum of old diving equipment

Cave Diving History

Categories: Technology Timelines | Underwater divingHidden Categories: Video Games January 2009 | All articles lacking sources About the Author

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